_Arts

Surrealism Surrealism originated in the late 1910s and early '20s as a literary movement that experimented with a new mode of expression called automatic writing, or automatism, which sought to release the unbridled imagination of the subconscious. Officially consecrated in Paris in 1924 with the publication of the Manifesto of Surrealism by the poet and critic André Breton (1896–1966), Surrealism became an international intellectual and political movement. Breton, a trained psychiatrist, along with French poets Louis Aragon (1897–1982), Paul Éluard (1895–1952), and Philippe Soupault (1897–1990), were influenced by the psychological theories and dream studies of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and the political ideas of Karl Marx (1818–1883). Using Freudian methods of free association, their poetry and prose drew upon the private world of the mind, traditionally restricted by reason and societal limitations, to produce surprising, unexpected imagery. The cerebral and irrational tenets ...

A Favourite Custom (Alma-Tadema, 1909) Artist: Lawrence Alma-Tadema Title: A Favourite Custom Year: 1909 Technique: Oil on panel Dimensions: 660 x 451 mm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alma-Tadema_A_Favourite_Custom_1909_Tate_Britain.jpg possible from http://www.tate.org.uk Tate Britain This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. This applies to the United States, Australia, the European Union and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years.

Futurism Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere. The Futurists practised in every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial design, interior design, theatre, film, fashion, textiles, literature, music, architecture and even gastronomy. The founder of Futurism and its most influential personality was the Italian writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. Marinetti launched the movement in his Futurist Manifesto, which he published for the first time on 5 February 1909 in La gazzetta dell'Emilia, an article then reproduced in the French daily newspaper Le Figaro on 20 February 1909. He was soon joined by the painters Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Giacomo Balla, Gino Severini and the composer Luigi Russolo. Marinetti expressed a passionate loathing of everything old, especially polit...

Ashcan School The Ashcan School (New York City, 1908-1913), also called the Ash Can School, is defined as a realist artistic movement that came into prominence in the United States during the early twentieth century, best known for works portraying scenes of daily life in New York's poorer neighborhoods. The movement is most associated with a group known as The Eight, whose members included five painters associated with the Ashcan school: William Glackens (1870-1938), Robert Henri (1865-1929), George Luks (1867-1933), Everett Shinn (1876-1953) and John French Sloan (1871-1951), along with Arthur B. Davies (1862-1928), Ernest Lawson (1873-1939) and Maurice Prendergast (1859-1924). All five members of the Ashcan School studied with Thomas Pollock Anshutz at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Origin with The Eight The Eight was a group of artists, many of whom had experience as newspaper illustrators in Philadelphia, who exhibited as a group only once, at the Macbeth Gal...

Athenais (1908) Artist: John William Godward Title: Athenais Year: 1908 Technique: Oil on canvas Dimensions: 39 3/4 x 24 inches (101 x 61 cm)

Expressionism (1905-1945) Expressionism is an artistic style in which the artist attempts to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in him. He accomplishes his aim through distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements. In a broader sense Expressionism is one of the main currents of art in the later 19th and the 20th centuries, and its qualities of highly subjective, personal, spontaneous self-expression are typical of a wide range of modern artists and art movements. Expressionism is a term used to denote the use of distortion and exaggeration for emotional effect, which first surfaced in the art literature of the early twentieth century. When applied in a stylistic sense, with reference in particular to the use of intense colour, agitated brushstrokes, and disjointed space. Rather than a single style, it was a climate that affe...

William-Adolphe Bouguereau William-Adolphe Bouguereau (November 30, 1825 – August 19, 1905) was a French academic painter. William Bouguereau (pronounced vill-yam boo-guh-roe) was a traditionalist whose realistic genre paintings and mythological themes were modern interpretations of Classical subjects with a heavy emphasis on the female human body. Although he created an idealized world, his almost photo-realistic style was popular with rich art patrons. He was very famous in his time but today his subject matter and technique receive relatively little attention compared to the popularity of the Impressionists. Life and career William-Adolphe Bouguereau was born in La Rochelle, France on November 30, 1825, into a family of wine and olive oil merchants. He seemed destined to join the family business but for the intervention of his uncle Eugène, a Roman Catholic priest, who taught him classical and Biblical subjects, and arranged for Bouguereau to go to high school. Bouguereau sh...

Baigneuses Description: Baigneuses, oil on canvas, 62x46 cm Date: ? Author: Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gerome_baigneuses.jpg This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. This applies to the United States, Australia, the European Union and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years.

The Awakening of Psyche (1904) Description: The Awakening of Psyche Français: Le Réveil de Psyché Date: Salon de 1904 Author: Guillaume Seignac Guillaume Seignac | Chi Mei Museum | Paintings of nude standing females | Psyche | Female long hair in art | Awakening

Sweet Nothings (1904) Description: Dolce far Niente or Sweet Nothings Date: 1904 Author: John William Godward Oil paintings of women | Peacock feathers | Pools in art | Water lilies in art | Recumbent women in art | Red clothing, female | Pre-Raphaelite paintings | 1904 paintings | John William Godward | Wolf fur-skins in art | Bear fur-skins in art

Take the Fair Face of Woman Artist: Sophie Gengembre Anderson (1823–1903) Title: Take the Fair Face of Woman, and Gently Suspending, With Butterflies, Flowers, and Jewels Attending, Thus Your Fairy is Made of Most Beautiful Things Technique: Oil on canvas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SophieAndersonTakethefairfaceofWoman.jpg This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired.

Artist Henrietta Rae (1859–1928) Description English: The Sirens Français : Les Sirènes Date 1903 Source/Photographer The Royal Academy

Cave of the Storm Nymphs (1903) Artist Edward John Poynter (1836–1919) Title Cave of the Storm Nymphs Date 1903 Technique Oil on canvas Dimensions (145.9 x 110.4 cm) 1903 paintings | Caves in art | Edward Poynter | Group paintings of nude females | Paintings of nude females in nature | Nereids | Nude female, bare feet apparent | Private art collections

Summer Flowers (1903) Description: Summer Flowers Date: 1903 Author: John William Godward

Echo and Narcissus Description: Echo and Narcissus. Oil on canvas, 109.2 x 189.2cm. Date: 1903 Author: John William Waterhouse (1849–1917)

Albert Bierstadt Albert Bierstadt (January 7, 1830 - February 18, 1902) was a German-American painter best known for his large, detailed landscapes of the American West. In obtaining the subject matter for these works, Bierstadt joined several journeys of the Westward Expansion. Though not the first artist to record these sites, Bierstadt was the foremost painter of these scenes for the remainder of the 19th century. Bierstadt was part of the Hudson River School, not an institution but rather an informal group of like-minded painters. The Hudson River School style involved carefully detailed paintings with romantic, almost glowing lighting, sometimes called luminism. Albert Bierstadt was born in Solingen, Germany. His family moved to New Bedford, Massachusetts, in 1833. He studied painting with the members of the Düsseldorf School in Düsseldorf, Germany from 1853 to 1857. He taught drawing and painting briefly before devoting himself to painting. Bierstadt began making paintings in N...

Venus at the Bath (1901) Artist John William Godward (1861–1922) Title Venus at the Bath Year 1901 Technique Oil on canvas Dimensions 67 3/4 × 24 inches (172.1 × 61 cm) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Godward-Venus_at_the_Bath-1901.jpg Oil paintings of women | Venus (dea) | Paintings of nude standing females | Bathing women in art | Pre-Raphaelite paintings | 1901 paintings | John William Godward

Fauvism Les Fauves (French for The Wild Beasts) were a short-lived and loose grouping of early 20th century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism. While Fauvism as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910, the movement as such lasted only three years, 1905–1907, and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and André Derain. Besides Matisse and Derain, other artists included Albert Marquet, Charles Camoin, Louis Valtat, the Belgian painter Henri Evenepoel, Maurice Marinot, Jean Puy, Maurice de Vlaminck, Alfred Maurer, Henri Manguin, Raoul Dufy, Othon Friesz, Georges Rouault, the Dutch painter Kees van Dongen, the Swiss painter Alice Bailly, and Georges Braque (subsequently Picasso's partner in Cubism). The paintings of the Fauves were characterised by seemingly wild brush work and strident colours, while their subject matter had ...

Autumn (1900) Description: "Autumn" by John William Godward Date: 1900 Source: Downloaded from http://www.artrenewal.org/asp/database/image.asp?id=11136&hires=1 . Author: John William Godward (1861–1922) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Godward_-_Autumn.jpg

The Mirror (1899) Artist: John William Godward Title: The Mirror Year: 1899 Technique: Oil on canvas Dimensions: 31 5/8 × 14 3/4 inches (80.6 × 37.5 cm) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Godward-The_Mirror-1899.jpg

Elegy (1899) William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905)

Venus Binding her Hair Title: Venus Binding her Hair (Vénus nouant ses cheveux) Artist: John William Godward (1861–1922) Date: 1897 http://www.artrenewal.org http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Godward_-_Venus_Binding_Her_Hair.jpg

At The Fountain (1897) William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - At The Fountain (1897)

Admiration (1897) Artist: William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905) Title: Admiration Français : L'admiration Year: 1897 Technique: Oil on canvas Dimensions: 147 × 200 cm (57.87 × 78.74 in) Current location: San Antonio Museum of Art, San Antonio, Texas, USA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_(1825-1905)_-_Admiration_(1897).jpg 1897 paintings | Emotions | Paintings of boys | San Antonio Museum of Art | Women in art | Paintings by William-Adolphe Bouguereau

Campaspe Title: Campaspe Artist: John William Godward (1861–1922) Date: 1896 http://www.artrenewal.org/ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Godward_-_Campaspe.jpg

Hylas and the Nymphs Artist: John William Waterhouse (1849–1917) Title: Hylas and the Nymphs Česky: Hylás a Nymfy Italiano: Ila e le ninfe.Olio su tela. Deutsch: Hylas und die Nymphen Year: 1896 Technique: Oil on canvas Dimensions: 98×163 cm Source: http://0212.a-thera.jp/image/Hylas_and_the_Nymphs.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_William_Waterhouse_-_Hylas_and_the_Nymphs_(1896).jpg This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. This applies to the United States, Australia, the European Union and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years. Clothed male, nude female | John William Waterhouse | Pre-Raphaelite paintings | Hylas | Ponds in art | Water lilies in art | Naiads | Female long hair in art

The Balance of the Zodiac Artist: Luis Ricardo Falero (1851–1896) Title: The Balance of the Zodiac (Français : La Balance du Zodiaque) Technique: Oil on panel Dimensions: 74.9 × 52.1 cm (29.49 × 20.51 in) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Balance_of_the_Zodiac.jpg This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. Luis Ricardo Falero | Libra (astrology) | Paintings of adolescent girls

Fritz Zuber-Buhler (1822-1896) Fritz Zuber-Buhler (1822 – November 23, 1896) was a Swiss painter in the style of Academic Classicism, born at Le Locle in Switzerland. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Zuber-Buhler

Frederick Leighton Born 3 December 1830, Scarborough, England Died 25 January 1896 (aged 65), London, England Nationality English Field painting and sculpture Training Eduard Von Steinle Movement Academicism, Victorian Classicism Works Flaming June Influenced Frank Bernard Dicksee Awards Prix de Rome, Légion d'honneur Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton PRA (3 December 1830–25 January 1896), known as Sir Frederic Leighton, Bt, between 1886 and 1896, was an English painter and sculptor. His works depicted historical, biblical and classical subject matter. Leighton was bearer of the shortest-lived peerage in history; after only one day his hereditary peerage became extinct. Biography Leighton was born in Scarborough to a family in the import and export business. He was educated at University College School, London. He then received his artistic training on the European continent, first from Eduard Von Steinle and then from Giovanni Costa. When in Florence, aged 24,...

The Wave (1896) Artist: William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905) Title: The Wave Français: La Vague Year: 1896 Technique: Oil on canvas Dimensions: 121 x 160.5 cm

Týr by Frølich Description The god Týr, one-handed, stands before the bound wolf Fenrir. Illustration appears within the Hymiskviða section of this translation. Date Published in 1895. Source Published in Gjellerup, Karl (1895). Den ældre Eddas Gudesange. Scanned from a 2001 reprint by Bloodofox (talk · contribs). Author Lorenz Frølich (1820–1908) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T%C3%BDr_by_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg

The Abduction of Psyche (1895) Artist: William-Adolphe Bouguereau Title: The abduction of Psyche Français: Le ravissement de Psyché Italiano: Il rapimento di Psiche Year: 1895 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Psycheabduct.jpg This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. Paintings by William-Adolphe Bouguereau | Amor and Psyche | Butterflies in art | Couples in art | Female long hair in art | 1895 paintings

Flaming June, by Fredrick Lord Leighton (1830-1896) Artist Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton (1830–1896) Title English: Flaming June Español: Junio flameante Français : June flamboyante Italiano: Avvampante giugno 日本語: フレイミング・ジューン Slovenčina: Žeravý jún Year ~1895 Technique Oil on canvas Dimensions 120.6 × 120.6 cm (47 3/8 × 47 3/8 in) Current location Museo de Arte de Ponce, Ponce, Puerto Rico

A Priestess (1895) Artist: John William Godward Title: The Priestess Year: 1895 Technique: Oil on board Dimensions: 12 1/4 × 6 1/4 inches (31.2 × 16.1 cm) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_William_Godward

After the Bath (1894) Artist: William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905) Title: After the Bath Français : Après le bain Português: Depois do banho Year: 1894 Technique: Oil on canvas Dimensions: 152.5 × 89 cm (60.04 × 35.04 in) Current location: Instituto Ricardo Brennand This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired.

A Priestess (1894) Artist: John William Godward Title: A Priestess Français : Une prêtresse Year: 1894 Source: Courtesy of Art Renewal Center at www.artrenewal.org http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Priestess_by_Godward.jpg

Diana by Augustus Saint-Gaudens Description: Diana (1892 - 93), Augustus Saint-Gaudens. Bronze, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City Author: Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848–1907) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diana_by_Augustus_Saint-Gaudens_01.jpg

A Priestess (1893) Title: A Priestess Artist: John William Godward (1861–1922) Date: 1893 Technique: Oil on canvas http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Godward_A_Priestess2_1893.jpg

L'Innocence (1893) Description: Bouguereau's L'Innocence. Both young children and lamb are symbols of innocence. Français: Bouguereau — L'Innocence. Русский: "Невинность", картина Виллиама Бугро. И маленький ребёнок, и ягнёнок — символы невинности. Date: 1893 Source: http://www.illusionsgallery.com Author: William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bouguereau-Linnocence.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. Paintings of babies | Sheep in art | Allegories of innocence | Paintings by William-Adolphe Bouguereau

A Naiad (1893) Naiad John William Waterhouse (1849-1917): A Naiad or Hylas with a Nymph. 1893

A Virgin (1892-1893) A Virgin (1892-1893), Depicts the artist's daughter and sons Abbott Handerson Thayer, (American, 1849-1921) Oil on canvas H: 229.7 W: 182.5 cm United States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thayer_-_A_Virgin.jpg

William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - The Invation (Le Guêpier) (1892) Title: Le Guêpier Translated title: The Wasp's Nest. Year: 1892 Author: William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) Technique: Oil on canvas Size: 83 3/4 x 60 inches (213 x 152.5 cm) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_(1825-1905)_-_Invation_(1893).jpg This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. Paintings by William-Adolphe Bouguereau | 1892 paintings | Female nude in paintings | Paintings of boys | Paintings of putti | Oil paintings of people

Lilith (John Collier) Lilith, 1892. John Maler Collier (1850–1934) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lilith_(John_Collier_painting).jpg

Photo by Jim H. Title "Evening" Artist Frederick Wellington Ruckstuhl Year 1891 Current location Metropolitan Museum of Art

Art Nouveau (1890-1914) Art Nouveau (1890-1914), decorative-art movement centered in Western Europe. It began in the 1880s as a reaction against the historical emphasis of mid-19th-century art, but did not survive World War I. Art nouveau originated in London and was variously called Jugendstil in Germany, Sezessionstil in Austria, and Modernismo in Spain. In general it was most successfully practiced in the decorative arts: furniture, jewelry, and book design and illustration. The style was richly ornamental and asymmetrical, characterized by a whiplash linearity reminiscent of twining plant tendrils. Its exponents chose themes fraught with symbolism, frequently of an erotic nature. They imbued their designs with dreamlike and exotic forms. The movement took its name from La Maison de l'Art Nouveau in Paris, a shop keen to promote modern ideas in art. It was influenced by the Symbolists most obviously in their shared preference for exotic detail, as well as by Celtic and Japanes...

Description English: Photography of Statue "Tanagra" by Jean-Léon Gérôme Français : Photographie de la Statue "Tanagra" de Jean-Léon Gérôme Date 1890 Source http://www.culture.gouv.fr Artist Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824–1904)