_Arts

A Young Girl Defending Herself Against Eros (Français : Jeune Fille se Defendant Contre L'amour) Artist: William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905) Title: A Young Girl Defending Herself Against Eros Deutsch: Eine junge Frau verteidigt sich vor Eros Français : Jeune Fille se Defendant Contre L'amour Italiano: Una giovane ragazza che si difende da Eros Year: 1880 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_(1825-1905)_-_A_Young_Girl_Defending_Herself_Against_Eros_(1880).jpg This work is in the public domain in the United States, and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or fewer.

Symbolism (1880-1895) Symbolism began as a reaction to the literal representation of subjects preferring to create more suggestive and evocative works. It had its roots in literature with poets such as Baudelaire believing ideas and emotions could be conveyed not only through the meaning of words but also in their sound and rhythm. The styles of the Symbolist painters varied considerably, but they shared many of the same themes particularly a fascination with the mystical and the visionary. The erotic, the perverse, death and debauchery were also regular interests for the Symbolists. The leading figures of the movement included the two French men, Odilon Redon and Paul Gauguin, but Symbolism was not limited to France with other practitioners including the Norwegian Edvard Munch, the Austrian Gustav Klimt and the British Aubrey Beardsley. The movement also known as Synthetism flourished from around 1885 and continued until 1910. It was an important move away from the naturalism of the...

Tonalism Tonalism (about 1880 to 1915), a distinctive style of low-toned atmospheric landscape painting, developed a sizable following among American artists in the 1880s. This first generation of tonalist artists, most born after 1845, and many foreign trained in Paris and Munich, broke with the prevailing school of Hudson River artists and their large detailed panoramic views of the American scenes. Many streams of influences fed into the growing taste for a more intimate, poetic, and expressive style of landscape art, relying on soft-edged broadly painted tonalities to communicate emotion. Initially influenced by French Barbizon painting by way of American exponents George Inness (1825-1894), William Morris Hunt (1824-1879), American tonalist painters tended to use a neutral palette of predominantly cool colors: green, blue, mauve, violet, and a delicate range of intervening grays, carefully modulated to produce a dominant tone. Preferred subjects were scenes of dawn or dusk, risi...

Realism (1850 - 1880) Realism is defined by the accurate, unembellished, and detailed depiction of nature or contemporary life. The movement prefers an observation of physical appearance rather than imagination or idealization. In this sense, Realism can be found in movements of many other centuries. The mid 19th century Realist movement chose to paint common, ordinary, sometimes ugly images rather than the stiff, conventional pictures favored by upper-class society. It was an opposition to the traditional approach to Neoclassicism and the drama of Romanticism. Furthermore, advocates of the style were no longer preoccupied with the expectations of the Salons, Academies, or other art institutions. Realists strived to paint scenes as they actually appeared. Often the artists depicted ugly and common subjects that normally alluded to a social, political, or moral message. Never really becoming a solid, unified movement, the closest Realist group was the Barbizon School of landscape pain...